Ways to diagnose of Lung Cancer

, Medical History and Physical Examination : A healthcare provider will review the patient's medical history, including symptoms and risk factors for lung cancer, and perform a physical examination to look for signs of the disease

Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray is often the first imaging test used to evaluate lung abnormalities.

, Computed Tomography (CT) Scan : CT scans provide detailed cross-sectional images of the chest and lungs, allowing healthcare providers to visualize lung nodules, tumors, and other abnormalities more clearly than with X-rays

Sputum Cytology: Sputum cytology involves examining a sample of mucus coughed up from the lungs under a microscope to look for cancer cells.

Bronchoscopy: During a bronchoscopy, a thin, flexible tube with a camera (bronchoscope) is inserted through the nose or mouth and into the lungs.

, Needle Biopsy : Needle biopsy procedures, such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or core needle biopsy, involve inserting a thin needle through the chest wall or using CT guidance to obtain tissue samples from lung nodules or masses for analysis

, Endobronchial Ultrasound (EBUS) : EBUS combines bronchoscopy with ultrasound imaging to visualize and sample lymph nodes and tumors located near the airways.

, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan : PET scans use a radioactive tracer to detect areas of increased metabolic activity in the body, which can help identify the spread of lung cancer to other organs or tissues

Mediastinoscopy or Thoracoscopy: In some cases, more invasive procedures such as mediastinoscopy or thoracoscopy may be performed to directly visualize and sample lymph nodes